Dr. Shrishti Patil

Arthroplasty is the medical term for joint replacement surgery - a procedure in which a damaged or arthritic joint is removed and replaced with artificial components. Knee replacement and hip replacement are the two most common types of arthroplasty.

The word arthroplasty comes from the Greek word for joint (arthro) and shaping (plasty). In practice, it refers to any procedure that reconstructs or replaces a damaged joint surface. For most patients, the relevant question is not what the term means but whether their joint damage has reached the point where replacement is the appropriate next step. That assessment depends on a full clinical evaluation - symptoms, examination, imaging, and the patient's lifestyle and expectations - not on the X-ray alone. 

Written by Dr Shrishti Patil, MS Ortho, Consultant Orthopaedic and Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon, SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru.

To book a consultation with Dr Shrishti Patil at SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru, visit linqmd.com/doctors/dr-shrishti-patil-joint-replacement-surgeon-hennur-bengaluru 

MAKO robotic certification is a structured training programme that qualifies a surgeon to use the Stryker MAKO robotic system for total hip and knee replacement. The training covers pre-operative planning, intra-operative use of the robotic arm, implant positioning, and system protocols. A certified surgeon has completed hands-on training under supervised conditions before using the system in clinical practice.

For a patient considering robotic joint replacement, MAKO certification is a relevant credential because the value of a robotic system depends significantly on the surgeon's familiarity with it. The system provides real-time guidance and feedback - but it requires the surgeon to plan accurately and respond to what the system shows. Dr Shrishti Patil holds MAKO robotic certification for total hip and knee replacement, supplemented by a fellowship at Epworth Hospital, Melbourne, and observerships at the Stryker MAKO Robotic Centre in West Palm Beach, USA. 

Written by Dr Shrishti Patil, MS Ortho, Consultant Orthopaedic and Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon, SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru.

To book a consultation with Dr Shrishti Patil at SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru, visit linqmd.com/doctors/dr-shrishti-patil-joint-replacement-surgeon-hennur-bengaluru 

No. Although arthritis is a progressive condition, patients with early and moderate arthritis can be managed effectively with conservative treatment. Physiotherapy, weight management, lifestyle modifications and conservative treatment are all established non-surgical options. Surgery is considered when pain, stiffness, deformity, or loss of function persists despite these measures and significantly affects quality of life.

The decision to proceed with joint replacement is not based on how the joint looks on an X-ray. Many patients with severe radiological changes have manageable symptoms. Others with relatively moderate imaging findings have severe functional limitation. The full clinical picture - what the patient can and cannot do, how much pain they have, how far they have come with non-surgical treatment, and what they expect from surgery - is what guides the recommendation for or against surgery. 

Written by Dr Shrishti Patil, MS Ortho, Consultant Orthopaedic and Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon, SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru.

To book a consultation with Dr Shrishti Patil at SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru, visit linqmd.com/doctors/dr-shrishti-patil-joint-replacement-surgeon-hennur-bengaluru 

A first consultation for joint replacement typically involves a detailed history of symptoms, a physical examination of the affected joint, and a review of relevant imaging such as X-rays. The surgeon assesses the degree of joint damage, the impact on daily function, what non-surgical treatment has already been tried, and whether the patient is medically fit for surgery if it is indicated.

Patients are encouraged to bring any previous X-rays, scan reports, or medical records to the consultation. They should also be prepared to describe which activities are affected, how long pain has been present, and what treatments have already been tried. The consultation may conclude with a recommendation for further imaging, a course of non-surgical treatment, or a discussion of surgical options. It does not automatically lead to a decision about surgery. 

Written by Dr Shrishti Patil, MS Ortho, Consultant Orthopaedic and Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon, SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru.

To book a consultation with Dr Shrishti Patil at SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru, visit linqmd.com/doctors/dr-shrishti-patil-joint-replacement-surgeon-hennur-bengaluru 

No. The robot at SPARSH does not operate independently at any point during robotic knee replacement. The surgeon remains fully in control of the procedure throughout. The robotic system acts as a precision tool - it maps the patient's anatomy, assists with pre-operative planning, and provides real-time guidance for bone cuts, soft tissue preservation, size and position of implant. Every surgical decision is made by the surgeon.

The MAKO robotic system, for example, helps the surgeon define the boundaries of bone removal and alerts them if a movement moves outside the planned zone. This provides a layer of intra-operative accuracy that is difficult to replicate with manual instruments alone - but the system responds to the surgeon's inputs and cannot initiate any movement independently. A certified, experienced surgeon using the system is what makes the technology clinically valuable. 

Written by Dr Shrishti Patil, MS Ortho, Consultant Orthopaedic and Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon, SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru.

To book a consultation with Dr Shrishti Patil at SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru, visit linqmd.com/doctors/dr-shrishti-patil-joint-replacement-surgeon-hennur-bengaluru 

Modern knee replacement implants are designed to last 15 to 20 years or more in many patients, though this depends on several factors including the patient's age, body weight, activity level, the quality of the bone at the time of surgery, and adherence to post-operative rehabilitation, chances of infection and follow-up care. Robotic assistance with implant positioning may help optimise long-term outcomes, though this depends on the individual case.

Implant longevity is not a fixed number. A younger or more active patient may place greater demand on the implant than an older patient with lower activity levels. Excess body weight increases the mechanical load on the joint. Regular follow-up with the surgeon allows early identification of any changes before they become significant problems. Patients should discuss their specific circumstances and expectations with their surgeon before surgery.

Written by Dr Shrishti Patil, MS Ortho, Consultant Orthopaedic and Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon, SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru.

To book a consultation with Dr Shrishti Patil at SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru, visit linqmd.com/doctors/dr-shrishti-patil-joint-replacement-surgeon-hennur-bengaluru 

The answer often surprises people. Modern total knee replacement is designed to get patients moving almost immediately, with a structured recovery plan that helps them regain independence quickly.

Day of Surgery: First Steps

A few hours after surgery, patients are encouraged to stand and take their first few steps with the support of a walker and a physiotherapist.

This early mobilization helps improve confidence, reduces complications, and marks the beginning of recovery.

Milestone: Standing and walking on the same day as surgery.

Day 1 After Surgery: Independence Begins

The following day, patients practice:

Walking independently with a walker  

Using the bathroom on their own  

Climbing a few stairs safely  

Once these goals are achieved, our role as surgeons is essentially complete. The patient is medically fit to return home whenever they feel comfortable.

Milestone: Safe mobility at home and readiness for discharge.

Back Home: Returning to Daily Life

Most patients are pleasantly surprised by how independent they feel after returning home.

They can usually manage their routine personal activities with minimal assistance. The primary focus during this phase is physiotherapy, which is critical for restoring strength, flexibility, and confidence.

Our physiotherapy team can:

Continue rehabilitation at home  

Arrange physiotherapy services through the hospital  

Coordinate with a local physiotherapist closer to the patient's residence  

This ensures that the same evidence-based rehabilitation protocol is followed regardless of where therapy is performed.

Milestone: Living independently while steadily rebuilding strength.

3 Weeks: Goodbye Walker

By around three weeks, most patients are ready to gradually let go of the walker.

Walking around the house becomes comfortable and confident, and day-to-day activities feel increasingly natural

Milestone: Confident indoor walking without a walker.

6 Weeks: Back in the Community

At six weeks, patients typically experience a major leap in confidence and mobility.

This is the stage where many can:

Walk comfortably outdoors  

Visit the local park  

Meet friends and family  

Cross a busy Bangalore road without hesitation  

Life begins to feel normal again.

Milestone: Independent community mobility.

12 Weeks: Back to Living Life

By three months, most patients have returned to a highly active lifestyle.

Long journeys, including international travel, are usually well within reach. Whether it's a family holiday, a business trip, or a flight to America, patients can travel comfortably and confidently.

Many reach a point where they hardly think about their operated knee during daily activities.

Milestone: Long-distance travel and near-complete return to normal life.

The Recovery Journey at a Glance

Day of Surgery → Stand and walk with a walker

Day 1 → Use the bathroom independently, climb stairs, ready for discharge

3 Weeks → Walking confidently around the house without a walker

6 Weeks → Walking outdoors, socializing, and managing everyday community activities

12 Weeks → Long-haul travel and a return to an active lifestyle

A Message to Patients

A knee replacement is not just about relieving pain -  it is about restoring independence, confidence, and quality of life.

The journey starts with a few assisted steps on the day of surgery and, within a few months, can lead to a life where the knee is no longer something you constantly think about.

Written by Dr Shrishti Patil, MS Ortho, Consultant Orthopaedic and Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon, SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru.

To book a consultation with Dr Shrishti Patil at SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru, visit linqmd.com/doctors/dr-shrishti-patil-joint-replacement-surgeon-hennur-bengaluru 

The short answer is no. In fact, many patients report that robotic knee replacement is associated with less pain and a smoother recovery, although pain perception varies from person to person.

Let's look at why.

Smaller Incisions, Less Discomfort

Robotic knee replacement often allows the surgeon to work through a slightly smaller incision.

A smaller incision means less stretching of the skin and surrounding tissues, which may contribute to reduced post-operative discomfort.

Potential advantage: Less skin and soft tissue trauma.

More Precise Surgery, Less Soft Tissue Damage

The MAKO robotic system uses what are known as haptic boundaries—virtual safety zones that guide the surgeon during bone preparation.

These boundaries help ensure that surgical instruments remain within the planned area, minimizing unnecessary disturbance to surrounding ligaments, tendons, and soft tissues.

Potential advantage: Less soft tissue dissection and irritation.

Better Planning Before Surgery

Unlike conventional knee replacement, robotic surgery begins long before the patient enters the operating room.

A pre-operative CT scan is used to create a three-dimensional model of the knee. This is combined with advanced planning software to determine implant size and positioning before surgery even begins.

As a result, there is less intraoperative trial-and-error when selecting implant sizes.

Potential advantage: More efficient surgery with greater predictability.

Millimeter-Level Accuracy

One of the biggest advantages of robotic knee replacement is the ability to place implants with extremely high precision.

Accurate implant positioning can help restore natural knee mechanics, improve balance throughout the joint, and reduce abnormal stresses on surrounding tissues.

This may translate into:

• Less pain during recovery
• Improved function
• Greater confidence while walking
• Faster rehabilitation

Potential advantage: Better alignment and a more natural-feeling knee.

Could the Implant Last Longer?

Another exciting potential benefit of robotic-assisted surgery is implant longevity.

Because implants can be positioned with millimeter-level accuracy, the forces across the knee may be distributed more evenly. In theory, this could reduce wear over time and potentially improve the lifespan of the implant.

While long-term studies are still ongoing, early data suggests that improved accuracy may contribute to better long-term outcomes.

Potential advantage: Improved durability and implant longevity.

At the end of the day, the most important factor is not whether a robot is used, but whether the surgery is performed well. Robotic technology is a tool that helps surgeons achieve greater precision, consistency, and reproducibility for every patient.

The goal remains the same: less pain, better function, and a knee that feels natural for years to come.

Written by Dr Shrishti Patil, MS Ortho, Consultant Orthopaedic and Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon, SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru.

To book a consultation with Dr Shrishti Patil at SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru, visit linqmd.com/doctors/dr-shrishti-patil-joint-replacement-surgeon-hennur-bengaluru

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head - also called osteonecrosis - is a condition in which the blood supply to the ball of the hip joint is disrupted, causing the bone tissue to die and, in advanced cases, to collapse. The result is progressive hip pain, stiffness, and loss of function. When the femoral head has collapsed significantly and the joint surface is damaged, hip replacement is often the most appropriate treatment.

In early stages, before significant collapse, non-surgical measures or procedures to preserve the femoral head may be considered. Once the joint surface is damaged, however, joint-preserving options become less effective and hip replacement is typically discussed. The timing of surgery depends on the stage of the condition, the degree of symptoms, and the patient's age and activity level. A clinical evaluation with imaging — including X-rays and in some cases an MRI — is necessary to stage the condition and guide treatment.

Written by Dr Shrishti Patil, MS Ortho, Consultant Orthopaedic and Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon, SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru.

To book a consultation with Dr Shrishti Patil at SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru, visit linqmd.com/doctors/dr-shrishti-patil-joint-replacement-surgeon-hennur-bengaluru 

Modern hip replacement implants are designed to function well for 20 to 25 years or longer in many patients. Longevity depends on the patient's age, body weight, activity demands, bone quality at the time of surgery, implant positioning, and adherence to follow-up care. Accurate implant placement - which robotic assistance can help support - is one of the factors that may reduce the risk of early wear or mechanical problems.

No implant carries a guaranteed lifespan. Younger patients or those with higher physical demands may reach a point where a revision procedure is necessary earlier than an older, community ambulatory patient. Heavier body weight increases the load on the implant with every step. Regular follow-up appointments allow the surgeon to monitor the implant and the surrounding bone over time. Patients should discuss their individual circumstances — age, activity expectations, and general health - during the consultation.

Written by Dr Shrishti Patil, MS Ortho, Consultant Orthopaedic and Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon, SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru.

To book a consultation with Dr Shrishti Patil at SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru, visit linqmd.com/doctors/dr-shrishti-patil-joint-replacement-surgeon-hennur-bengaluru

Hip joint pain frequently presents in the groin, front of the thigh, or buttock rather than over the outer hip - which is why it is often misidentified as a muscle or back problem. The hip joint sits deep in the pelvis, and the nerves that carry pain signals from the joint refer discomfort to the groin and inner thigh. A limp, difficulty putting on footwear, or pain rising from a low chair can all be signs of hip joint pathology even when the pain is not felt directly over the hip.

Pain felt over the outer hip - over the side of the thigh or the greater trochanter - is more often associated with trochanteric bursitis or a tendon problem than with the hip joint itself. Distinguishing between these requires a clinical examination, not just a description of pain location. If groin or thigh pain is persistent, worsening, or affecting walking, an orthopaedic evaluation with hip X-rays is the appropriate starting point.

Written by Dr Shrishti Patil, MS Ortho, Consultant Orthopaedic and Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon, SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru.

To book a consultation with Dr Shrishti Patil at SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru, visit linqmd.com/doctors/dr-shrishti-patil-joint-replacement-surgeon-hennur-bengaluru

The concern usually stems from the fear of a hip dislocation, a complication in which the ball of the hip comes out of the socket.

The good news is that modern hip replacement surgery has evolved significantly, and for many patients, returning to these activities is very much possible.

It Depends on the Surgical Approach

The ability to sit cross-legged after surgery depends partly on the surgical approach used to access the hip joint.

Different surgeons use different approaches, each with its own advantages and recovery considerations.

At SPARSH Hospital, Hennur, we use a surgical approach designed to preserve soft tissues and reduce the risk of post-operative dislocation, helping patients return to their normal lifestyle with confidence.

Implant Design Matters Too

Another important factor is the design and size of the implant used during surgery.

Whenever appropriate, we prefer to use larger femoral heads, which provide greater stability and further reduce the likelihood of dislocation.

Modern implants are also engineered to allow a greater range of movement while maintaining stability.

Returning to Everyday Life

With appropriate rehabilitation and adherence to post-operative instructions, most patients can gradually return to the activities they enjoy.

These may include:

• Sitting cross-legged
• Sitting on the floor
• Performing daily household activities
• Participating in social and cultural practices that require floor sitting
• Leading an active and independent lifestyle

Recovery timelines vary from patient to patient, but the goal of modern hip replacement is not merely pain relief- it is restoring function and quality of life.

The goal of a hip replacement is not just to replace a joint - it is to help you get back to living life comfortably and confidently.

Written by Dr Shrishti Patil, MS Ortho, Consultant Orthopaedic and Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon, SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru.

To book a consultation with Dr Shrishti Patil at SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru, visit linqmd.com/doctors/dr-shrishti-patil-joint-replacement-surgeon-hennur-bengaluru 

Knee osteoarthritis cannot be reversed. Once the cartilage inside the knee wears down, it does not regenerate. The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms, slow further progression where possible, and preserve function — not to restore the joint to its original state. In early and moderate stages, this is achievable with physiotherapy, weight management activity modification. In advanced stages, knee replacement may be the most effective way to relieve pain and restore function.

Patients should be cautious about treatments that claim to reverse or cure osteoarthritis. While some injections and newer biological treatments are being studied, their evidence base for reversing established joint damage is not yet sufficient to form the basis of standard clinical practice.  

Written by Dr Shrishti Patil, MS Ortho, Consultant Orthopaedic and Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon, SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru.

To book a consultation with Dr Shrishti Patil at SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru, visit linqmd.com/doctors/dr-shrishti-patil-joint-replacement-surgeon-hennur-bengaluru

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative, mechanical condition - the cartilage wears out over time due to age, load, and joint use. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition - the body's immune system attacks the joint lining, causing inflammation that damages the cartilage and bone over time. Both can cause knee pain, swelling, and stiffness, but they have different causes, patterns, and treatment approaches.

Osteoarthritis typically develops gradually in older adults. It is worsened by activity and relieved by rest, at least in the early stages. Rheumatoid arthritis tends to affect both joints symmetrically, is associated with morning stiffness lasting about an hour, and may affect other joints and body systems simultaneously. Both conditions can progress to the point where knee replacement is considered - but the management of rheumatoid arthritis also involves disease-modifying medications that must be coordinated with a rheumatologist.

Written by Dr Shrishti Patil, MS Ortho, Consultant Orthopaedic and Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon, SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru.

To book a consultation with Dr Shrishti Patil at SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru, visit linqmd.com/doctors/dr-shrishti-patil-joint-replacement-surgeon-hennur-bengaluru

Knee injections - most commonly corticosteroid (steroid) injections or hyaluronic acid injections — can reduce pain and improve function in selected patients with knee osteoarthritis. They are typically used as part of a broader non-surgical management plan, not as a standalone treatment. The duration of benefit varies significantly between patients and between injection types, ranging from a few weeks to months.

Corticosteroid injections work by reducing inflammation and are most useful when the knee is acutely inflamed and swollen. Their benefit is often temporary, and repeated injections over a short period are generally avoided. Hyaluronic acid injections aim to supplement the joint fluid and may provide relief in some patients, though the evidence is mixed. Injections do not halt or reverse the underlying arthritis. In patients with very advanced joint damage, they are unlikely to provide meaningful or sustained relief, and surgery should be discussed.

Written by Dr Shrishti Patil, MS Ortho, Consultant Orthopaedic and Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon, SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru.

To book a consultation with Dr Shrishti Patil at SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru, visit linqmd.com/doctors/dr-shrishti-patil-joint-replacement-surgeon-hennur-bengaluru 

Walking and low-impact exercise generally do not worsen knee osteoarthritis and are actively recommended as part of non-surgical management. Staying active helps maintain muscle strength around the knee, which reduces the load on the joint surface and supports overall function. Complete rest, by contrast, weakens the supporting muscles and bones. It tends to worsen stiffness and pain over time.

The type and intensity of exercise matters. Low-impact activities — walking, swimming, cycling, and water-based exercise — are generally well-tolerated and beneficial. High-impact activities such as running, jumping, or squatting with significant load may aggravate symptoms in moderate to advanced osteoarthritis and should be modified. A physiotherapist can help design an appropriate exercise programme tailored to the stage of arthritis, the patient's fitness, and their specific limitations. Patients should not interpret pain during exercise as a signal that they are worsening the joint — some discomfort during activity is expected, though sharp or severe pain should always be reviewed.

Written by Dr Shrishti Patil, MS Ortho, Consultant Orthopaedic and Robotic Joint Replacement Surgeon, SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru.

To book a consultation with Dr Shrishti Patil at SPARSH Hospital, Hennur Road, Bengaluru, visit linqmd.com/doctors/dr-shrishti-patil-joint-replacement-surgeon-hennur-bengaluru 

Walking and low-impact exercise generally do not worsen knee osteoarthritis and are actively recommended as part of non-surgical management. Staying active helps maintain muscle strength around the knee, which reduces the load on the joint surface and supports overall function. Complete rest, by contrast, weakens the supporting muscles and tends to worsen stiffness and pain over time.

The type and intensity of exercise matters. Low-impact activities — walking, swimming, cycling, and water-based exercise — are generally well-tolerated and beneficial. High-impact activities such as running, jumping, or squatting with significant load may aggravate symptoms in moderate to advanced osteoarthritis and should be modified. A physiotherapist can help design an appropriate exercise programme tailored to the stage of arthritis, the patient's fitness, and their specific limitations. Patients should not interpret pain during exercise as a signal that they are worsening the joint — some discomfort during activity is expected, though sharp or severe pain should always be reviewed.

Knee injections — most commonly corticosteroid (steroid) injections or hyaluronic acid injections — can reduce pain and improve function in selected patients with knee osteoarthritis. They are typically used as part of a broader non-surgical management plan, not as a standalone treatment. The duration of benefit varies significantly between patients and between injection types, ranging from a few weeks to several months.

Corticosteroid injections work by reducing inflammation and are most useful when the knee is acutely inflamed and swollen. Their benefit is often temporary, and repeated injections over a short period are generally avoided. Hyaluronic acid injections aim to supplement the joint fluid and may provide longer-term symptom relief in some patients, though the evidence is mixed. Injections do not halt or reverse the underlying arthritis. In patients with very advanced joint damage, they are unlikely to provide meaningful or sustained relief, and surgery should be discussed.

Osteoarthritis is a mechanical condition — the cartilage wears down over time due to age, load, and joint use. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition — the body's immune system attacks the joint lining, causing inflammation that damages the cartilage and bone over time. Both can cause knee pain, swelling, and stiffness, but they have different causes, patterns, and treatment approaches.

Osteoarthritis typically develops gradually in older adults and often affects one knee more than the other. It is worsened by activity and relieved by rest, at least in the early stages. Rheumatoid arthritis tends to affect both joints symmetrically, is associated with morning stiffness lasting more than an hour, and may affect other joints and body systems simultaneously. Both conditions can progress to the point where knee replacement is considered — but the management of rheumatoid arthritis also involves disease-modifying medications that must be coordinated with a rheumatologist.

Knee osteoarthritis cannot be reversed. Once the cartilage inside the knee wears down, it does not regenerate. The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms, slow further progression where possible, and preserve function — not to restore the joint to its original state. In early and moderate stages, this is achievable with physiotherapy, weight management, activity modification, medications, and injections. In advanced stages, knee replacement may be the most effective way to relieve pain and restore function.

Patients should be cautious about treatments that claim to reverse or cure osteoarthritis. While some injections and newer biological treatments are being studied, their evidence base for reversing established joint damage is not yet sufficient to form the basis of standard clinical practice. The most reliable, evidence-backed approach to early and moderate osteoarthritis remains structured physiotherapy combined with weight management and appropriate pain control.

Sitting cross-legged and sitting on low surfaces are among the movements typically restricted after hip replacement, particularly in the first several weeks to months after surgery. These precautions are intended to reduce the risk of hip dislocation — a complication that is more likely when the new joint is placed in positions of extreme flexion or rotation before the surrounding soft tissues have healed and stabilised.

The specific precautions and how long they are maintained depend on the surgical approach used, the implant design, and the surgeon's assessment of the individual patient. Some approaches are associated with more restrictive precautions than others. Patients should receive a clear written list of precautions from their surgical team before discharge, and should raise any questions about activities — including floor sitting, driving, returning to work, and resuming exercise — directly with their surgeon. These discussions should happen before surgery so expectations are clear.

Hip joint pain frequently presents in the groin, front of the thigh, or buttock rather than over the outer hip — which is why it is often misidentified as a muscle or back problem. The hip joint sits deep in the pelvis, and the nerves that carry pain signals from the joint refer discomfort to the groin and inner thigh. A limp, difficulty putting on footwear, or pain rising from a low chair can all be signs of hip joint pathology even when the pain is not felt directly over the hip.

Pain felt over the outer hip — over the side of the thigh or the greater trochanter — is more often associated with trochanteric bursitis or a tendon problem than with the hip joint itself. Distinguishing between these requires a clinical examination, not just a description of pain location. If groin or thigh pain is persistent, worsening, or affecting walking, an orthopaedic evaluation with hip X-rays is the appropriate starting point.

Modern hip replacement implants are designed to function well for 15 to 20 years or longer in many patients. Longevity depends on the patient's age, body weight, activity demands, bone quality at the time of surgery, implant positioning, and adherence to follow-up care. Accurate implant placement — which robotic assistance can help support — is one of the factors that may reduce the risk of early wear or mechanical problems.

No implant carries a guaranteed lifespan. Younger patients or those with higher physical demands may reach a point where a revision procedure is necessary. Heavier body weight increases the load on the implant with every step. Regular follow-up appointments allow the surgeon to monitor the implant and the surrounding bone over time. Patients should discuss their individual circumstances — age, activity expectations, and general health — during the consultation.

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head — also called osteonecrosis — is a condition in which the blood supply to the ball of the hip joint is disrupted, causing the bone tissue to die and, in advanced cases, to collapse. The result is progressive hip pain, stiffness, and loss of function. When the femoral head has collapsed significantly and the joint surface is damaged, hip replacement is often the most appropriate treatment.

In early stages, before significant collapse, non-surgical measures or procedures to preserve the femoral head may be considered. Once the joint surface is damaged, however, joint-preserving options become less effective and hip replacement is typically discussed. The timing of surgery depends on the stage of the condition, the degree of symptoms, and the patient's age and activity level. A clinical evaluation with imaging — including X-rays and in some cases an MRI — is necessary to stage the condition and guide treatment.

Robotic knee replacement is not more painful than conventional knee replacement. The robotic assistance changes how the surgery is planned and performed — it does not alter the basic nature of the procedure or increase pain. Post-operative pain is managed with a structured protocol that includes medications, physiotherapy, and monitored recovery, regardless of whether robotic or conventional techniques were used.

Some patients ask whether the use of a robotic system means a larger incision or longer surgery. In practice, the incision and surgical approach are determined by the surgical technique and the patient's anatomy, not by whether robotic assistance is used. If patients have specific concerns about pain management, anaesthesia, or the surgical process, these should be raised directly during the consultation — there is no single answer that applies to all patients.

Most patients begin standing and walking with support within the first one to two days after total knee replacement, under supervised rehabilitation. Early mobilisation is an intentional part of the recovery protocol — it helps prevent complications, supports circulation, and promotes joint movement. Walking at this stage is assisted and measured, not unrestricted.

Physiotherapy begins in hospital and continues after discharge, focusing progressively on knee movement, muscle strength, balance, and walking confidence. The pace of recovery varies significantly between patients depending on age, pre-operative fitness, degree of joint damage, and commitment to rehabilitation. Most patients return to routine daily activities within several weeks to a few months. Driving, returning to work, and resuming specific physical activities should be discussed with the surgeon based on the individual's recovery.

Modern knee replacement implants are designed to last 15 to 20 years or more in many patients, though this depends on several factors including the patient's age, body weight, activity level, the quality of the bone at the time of surgery, and adherence to post-operative rehabilitation and follow-up care. Robotic assistance with implant positioning may help optimise long-term outcomes, though this depends on the individual case.

Implant longevity is not a fixed number. A younger or more active patient may place greater demand on the implant than an older patient with lower activity levels. Excess body weight increases the mechanical load on the joint. Regular follow-up with the surgeon allows early identification of any changes before they become significant problems. Patients should discuss their specific circumstances and expectations with their surgeon before surgery.

A first consultation for joint replacement typically involves a detailed history of symptoms, a physical examination of the affected joint, and a review of relevant imaging such as X-rays or scans. The surgeon assesses the degree of joint damage, the impact on daily function, what non-surgical treatment has already been tried, and whether the patient is medically fit for surgery if it is indicated.

Patients are encouraged to bring any previous X-rays, scan reports, or medical records to the consultation. They should also be prepared to describe which activities are affected, how long pain has been present, and what treatments have already been tried. The consultation may conclude with a recommendation for further imaging, a course of non-surgical treatment, or a discussion of surgical options. It does not automatically lead to a decision about surgery.

A first consultation for joint replacement typically involves a detailed history of symptoms, a physical examination of the affected joint, and a review of relevant imaging such as X-rays or scans. The surgeon assesses the degree of joint damage, the impact on daily function, what non-surgical treatment has already been tried, and whether the patient is medically fit for surgery if it is indicated.

Patients are encouraged to bring any previous X-rays, scan reports, or medical records to the consultation. They should also be prepared to describe which activities are affected, how long pain has been present, and what treatments have already been tried. The consultation may conclude with a recommendation for further imaging, a course of non-surgical treatment, or a discussion of surgical options. It does not automatically lead to a decision about surgery.

No. Most patients with early and moderate arthritis can be managed effectively without surgery. Physiotherapy, weight management, activity modification, pain medications, and joint injections are all established non-surgical options. Surgery is considered when pain, stiffness, deformity, or loss of function persists despite these measures and significantly affects daily life.

The decision to proceed with joint replacement is not based on how the joint looks on an X-ray. Many patients with severe radiological changes have manageable symptoms. Others with relatively moderate imaging findings have severe functional limitation. The full clinical picture — what the patient can and cannot do, how much pain they have, how far they have come with non-surgical treatment, and what they expect from surgery — is what guides the recommendation.

MAKO robotic certification is a structured training programme that qualifies a surgeon to use the Stryker MAKO robotic system for total hip and knee replacement. The training covers pre-operative planning, intra-operative use of the robotic arm, implant positioning, and system protocols. A certified surgeon has completed hands-on training under supervised conditions before using the system in clinical practice.

For a patient considering robotic joint replacement, MAKO certification is a relevant credential because the value of a robotic system depends significantly on the surgeon's familiarity with it. The system provides real-time guidance and feedback — but it requires the surgeon to plan accurately and respond to what the system shows. Dr Shrishti Patil holds MAKO robotic certification for total hip and knee replacement, supplemented by a fellowship at Epworth Hospital, Melbourne, and an observership at the Stryker MAKO Robotic Centre in West Palm Beach, USA.

Arthroplasty is the medical term for joint replacement surgery — a procedure in which a damaged or arthritic joint is removed and replaced with artificial components designed to restore movement and reduce pain. Knee replacement and hip replacement are the two most common types of arthroplasty.

The word arthroplasty comes from the Greek for joint (arthro) and shaping (plasty). In practice, it refers to any procedure that reconstructs or replaces a damaged joint surface. For most patients, the relevant question is not what the term means but whether their joint damage has reached the point where replacement is the appropriate next step. That assessment depends on a full clinical evaluation — symptoms, examination, imaging, and the patient's lifestyle and expectations — not on the X-ray alone.

Dr Shrishti to provide: whether osteoporosis is an absolute or relative contraindication in her practice, what bone density threshold or DEXA findings prompt concern, pre-operative optimisation steps (e.g. bisphosphonates, vitamin D, calcium), any implant or fixation modifications used in low bone density cases, and when she would defer or decline surgery on bone quality grounds

Dr Shrishti to provide: typical hospital stay duration, day of first mobilisation in her practice, discharge criteria, expected timeline to walk independently, return to driving, return to work (desk vs physical), and return to full activity. Distinguish knee vs hip if timelines differ. Note factors that affect pace of recovery.

[Dr Shrishti / SPARSH billing team to provide: list of accepted insurers, TPA empanelment, cashless facility availability, pre-authorisation process, and contact for insurance queries.]

[Dr Shrishti to provide: phone number, OPD days and timings, online booking link if available, walk-in policy, and whether referral from a GP is needed or preferred.]