Asthma in India has been on the rise, especially in urban and industrialised regions, driven by worsening air quality, rapid urbanisation, traffic pollution, and environmental factors that irritate the airways. Poor air quality and airborne particulate matter from vehicle emissions, construction dust, and industrial pollutants are linked to a sharp increase in respiratory symptoms, with some cities reporting higher hospital visits for asthma and related breathing issues in recent years.
Studies over the past few decades also suggest that childhood asthma prevalence has increased compared to earlier years, likely due to changes in lifestyle, exposure to indoor and outdoor pollutants, and under-recognised environmental triggers. Earlier surveys showed asthma prevalence in children rising from lower single-digit percentages to significantly higher figures in certain urban settings, indicating a long-term upward trend.
Another challenge in India is that many asthma cases remain undiagnosed, particularly milder or atypical forms, which means the true burden could be much higher than official estimates. Experts estimate that a large majority of asthma sufferers are not getting diagnosed or treated in time, contributing to uncontrolled disease and more frequent exacerbations.
The combination of environmental pollution, lifestyle changes, respiratory infections, and limited awareness about asthma contributes to its increasing incidence highlighting the need for improved air quality policies, early detection, and effective public health strategies.
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