SGLT2 inhibitors (such as empagliflozin and dapagliflozin) work by causing the kidneys to excrete excess glucose in the urine. Beyond lowering blood sugar, they have demonstrated significant reductions in cardiovascular events, heart failure hospitalisations, and kidney disease progression in large clinical trials. GLP-1 receptor agonists (such as semaglutide and liraglutide) stimulate insulin release, reduce appetite, promote weight loss, and also reduce cardiovascular events. Both classes are particularly valuable in patients with type 2 diabetes who also have established cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease, making medication selection an important part of comprehensive cardio-metabolic management.
Written by Dr. Santosh Kumar PK, MBBS (Karnataka University), Masters in Diabetes Management (Middlesex University, London), PGD Clinical Cardiology (Royal College of Physicians, UK), PGD Endocrinology and Clinical Diabetology (Royal College of Physicians, UK), Consultant Physician and Cardio-Diabetologist, Chirayu Multispeciality Clinic, Kasturi Nagar, Bengaluru. Phone: +91 9164442266.
